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Xylo-oligosaccharide feed additive
Kangweisu (chemical name : xylo-oligosaccharide，XOS), originated from plant materials through modern biotechnology, is a non digestible oligosaccharide. This type of low molecular-weight carbohydrate can promote the growth of animals, improve feed conversion efficiency and reduce mortality without any side-effect. Therefore, XOS is regarded as “prebiotic”. XOS is recognized as the best functional oligosaccharide due to its special characteristics such as high selectivity for proliferating Bifidobacterium spp. in intestine, high stability to animal’s digestive enzyme system, acidic stability, thermal stability and prominent compatibility with feed. ● Physical and chemical properties
Xylo-oligosaccharide is a functional oligosaccharide that is composed of 2-8 xylose groups through β-1, 4-glycosidic linkages. The sweetness of XOS is 40% of sucrose. XOS is a yellowy or light brown power. The physical properties of some effective ingredients of XOS are shown in following table.
Physical properties of xylo-oligosaccharide ingredients
Ingredient
Molecular formula
Molecular weight
Melting point(℃)
25? Spec. rotation [ɑ] D
Xylobiose
C10H18O9
282.24
184-186
-32.0 ~ -25.5
Xylotriose
C15H26O13
414.35
209-211
-39.4 ~ -47.0
?Xylotetraose
C20H34O17
546.46
225-227
-48.0 ~ -60.0
?Xylopentaose
C25H42O21
678.57
236-238
-66.0
● Mechanism of action
Endogenous amylase can only break down α-1, 4-glycosidic linkages, but β-1, 4-glycosidic linkages in XOS are scarcely decomposed by animal digestive enzymes. XOS is also hardly to be utilized by harmful microorganisms in intestine. Therefore, XOS can reach the end of small intestine and large intestine. XOS provides the nutrients for the beneficial microorganisms such as bifidobacteria, and selectively stimulate their growth. Furthermore, XOS can decrease the activity of enteric putrefactive and pathogenic intestinal bacteria. The beneficial microorganisms such as bifidobacteria may produce antimicrobial substances and decrease the secretion of endotoxin. As a bind receptor of pathogenic bacteria, XOS may bind to plant agglutinin（glycoprotein）on pathogenic bacteria cell surface, thus reducing the chance to bind to the digestive tract epithelia. This indicates that the pathogenic bacteria could not proliferate for the lack of nutrition from the host and hunger to death or loss the pathogenic ability. As the barrier, XOS can prevent the attachment of pathogenic bacteria with host cell, decrease antibiotics tolerance of these dissociated pathogenic bacteria, and meanwhile enhance the effect of antibiotics on sterilizing and restraining bacteria. Furthermore, they can bind to toxin, virus and eukaryote surfaces. XOS can stimulate immune system, promote interferon production, activate macrophage and T or B lymphocyte, enhance execution of natural killer cells, and promote antibody production and immune system. With the characteristics of dietary fiber, XOS can simultaneously improve the physiological structure of intestine; improve the absorption of feed nutrients and animal production.
● Main physiological effects
1. Stimulate the growth of beneficial microorganisms, inhibit the growth of harmful microorganisms, and improve the balance of microflora in intestine.
2. Prevent the bind of pathogenic bacteria to host cell acceptor.
3. Stimulate the immune system and enhance the immunocompetence of animal.
4. Improve the tolerance of disease, reduce the incidence of diseases and improve the control efficiency.
5. Improve the feed efficiency and increase the animal performance.
6. Reduce the environment contamination and improve animal sanitation.
● Characteristics:
★ High stability
XOS is very stable and can resist all digestive juice of animals; they are stable under acid condition of animal stomach. With high thermal stability, XOS can not be decomposed at 120-150℃, thus resisting all extreme condition of feed process.
The residual ratios of XOS in vitro digest experiment (%, w/w)
Digestive juice
Residual rate
Saliva
100.0
Gastric juice
99.9
Pancreatic juice
99.8
Enzyme of small intestine mucosa
99.6
★ No forbidden compatibility
XOS has little effect on other components of feed and is not affected by components of feed.
★ High activity with low addition
The dosage of XOS is one twentieth of malto-oligosaccharides and one seventh of fructo-oligosaccharides widely used in feed, due to its high biological efficiency.
★ Good fluidity
XOS will not become viscid in normal moisture and can be mixed evenly with other ingredients. The quality of XOS is very stable; therefore it can be stored for a long term, even in extreme conditions.
● Application
Kangweisu is applicable for supplementing to the livestock, poultry and aquiculture.
● Recommended dosage（g/t feed）
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